Energy - Exergy Analysis and Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission

Cement production is an energy intensive process that also generates air pollutants, especially Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO2). This book describes the estimation of energy consumption, energy cost per tonne, efficiency of energy use and CO2 emission of the cement manufacturing industry in Nigeria. The Input-Output Energy Analysis method was used to estimate the embodied energy intensity, while energy cost/tonne was estimated using energy accounting techniques. Exergy analysis was carried out to estimate the efficiency of energy use and the pollution rate. The 1996 guidelines of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change were used to estimate the CO2 emission. The study compared two plants, one a dry process and the other a wet process plant. The study showed that the energy utilization reported for the two cement plants is high when compared with best practices and high level thermal energy usage is a major reason for the relatively high embodied energy intensity and high energy cost per tonne of cement produced in Nigeria. The dry process plant was found to be less energy efficient than the wet process plant. Both plants were recommended for process optimization.