HIV/AIDS and Opportunistic Infections

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progressively compromises the immune system, leading to the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), at which point the body becomes vulnerable to a series of opportunistic infections. These infections are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates among HIV+ patients, especially in regions with limited access to antiretroviral therapies. The review covers the main bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, including tuberculosis, pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis, discussing their diagnosis, treatment and clinical implications. In addition, the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the prevention and control of these infections is analyzed, as well as the challenges faced in treatment, such as drug resistance and lack of therapeutic adherence.