Bronchiolitis obliterans in children

The aim of our work was to describe the clinical and paraclinical profile of children followed for obliterative bronchiolitis and to assess the impact of our management on their prognosis. Descriptive cross-sectional study including 18 children followed for obliterative bronchiolitis between January 2013 and December 2021. Mean age was 9.6y [3-17y] with a male predominance (gender-ratio=1.5). Bronchiolitis obliterans were post-infectious in 33% of cases and post-bone marrow transplant in 67%. Eight children were in chronic respiratory failure. All patients were on inhaled corticosteroids combined with bronchodilators in 77% of cases, anti-leukotrienes in 33% and macrolides in 72%. The mean duration of follow-up was 51 months. The average number of hospitalizations was 2.38 per year. The evolution was marked by weaning from long-term oxygen therapy in two children, stability in seven, worsening in six, and two deaths. Bronchiolitis obliterans is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality.