Review of diagnostic biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome secondary to acute lung injury characterized by intense inflammation and increased permeability in the lungs that usually develops in response to a major insult such as sepsis, trauma, or pneumonia. The clinical description of the syndrome has been discussed in several reviews; however, it's still difficult to predict why some patients develop and die from ARDS and others do not. The relatively low incidence of ARDS in the relatively large group of patients with risk, suggests that genetic predisposition could also contribute to the progression of the syndrome. The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of the molecules that might have a major impact on the biochemical and genetic predisposition or increased risk of ARDS, some of which could be used as prognostic biomarkers of the syndrome. Understanding the biochemical and biological markers involved in the complex response and inflammation of the ARDS offers the possibility of future research to a possible treatment goal in these mediators to predict more accurately the beginning or the result of the injury that occurs in the lungs.